Mass Media And Youth Culture Criminology Essay

Mass Media And Youth Culture Criminology Essay Mass media plays an important role in shaping youth culture. As we all know, the Internet, television, radio, newspapers, magazines and other forms of mass media have been integrated into the lives of youths today. The Internet provides a powerful platform for the youths to learn more about what is happening around the world. However, the mass amount of information that it distributes may be both positive and negative to the youths. Not too long ago, Teen who stared at group slashed to death (The Star/Asia News, November 02, 2010, p.1) made its way to the headlines which threw Singapores public security into jeopardy. The display of physical aggression is what causes moral decay in youths nowadays. Domestic violence and peer pressure are the key factors in influencing the youths to display signs of physical aggression while the Internet only plays a minor part. In this essay, I further expound on how the Internet, domestic violence and peer pressure can lead to physical aggression am ong youths today. Internet has widened the youths channels of absorbing information and knowledge, but it includes decadent information which may eventually spread violence among youths. Website such as YouTube, a video-sharing website on which users can upload, share, and view videos, allows youth to come into contact with videos containing violent acts easily. (Hopkins, J. 2006.) Online video games also play a significant role in influencing the youths to develop violent behavior. For example, Counter-Strike, one of the so-called killers games where the gamer plays through the eyes of a heavily armed character and kills as many enemies as possible. The display of violence in the game such as using a knife to stab the head of an enemy can be imitated by youths to kill relentlessly. The outburst of sources containing violence from various means has intensified the juvenile crime situation, causing variations in crime types, methods and results. In the 1980s, juvenile crime generally involves theft and fights. In the 2000s, juvenile crime progressed on to banded robbery, major theft even disengaged murder, armed robbery, arson etc. (Georgia, 1992.) The research shows that serious criminal offences have been markedly worsen. However, the fault does not lie with the Internet, just like water can float a boat, so can it swallow the ship. The excessive amount of information involving violence distributed by the Internet plays only a minor role in guiding the youths to develop violent behavior. However, domestic violence and peer pressure plays a huge part. First of all, parents are their childrens first teacher, which is why what we are just like a mirror reflection of our parents. As the saying goes, Monkey see, monkey do. If a parent is violent, it would not be surprising if his or her child takes after his violent nature. Therefore, domestic violence is undoubtedly the number one factor which causes youths to develop violent behavior. The domestic violence mainly refers to physical abuse. Each year, an estimated 3.3 million children are exposed to violence from their mothers, babysitters or by family members. (American Psychological Association, 1996.) Youths are highly vulnerable to fear, anxiety and pessimism if they have been witnessing family abuse or even experiencing physical abuse from their parents since they were young. Children may suffer from self-abasement or even get isolated from his peers and affect their academic results and daily life. If the situation becomes severe, there will be at a greater risk of runaway youth s or youths committing criminal acts. Youths will get the wrong message that it iss okay to abuse other people or let others hurt them. Research done by Browne and Angela (1987) shows that a third of all children who see their mothers being physically abused develop emotional problems, and that boys who see their fathers physically abuse their mothers are ten times more likely to be abusive in their future marriages. Boys who witness family violence are more likely to batter their female partners as adults, and girls who witness their mothers abuse have a higher rate of being battered as adults. These common sense observations are facts, not myths. (Ewing Charles Patrick, 1987) It is undeniable that domestic violence is the major factor which has caused the youths to develop violent behavior. Another one of the major factors that lead to teenage violence behavior will be peer pressure. Peer pressure may be especially strong during adolescence. (Kate Havelin, 2000) Teenagers at this stage are easily influenced by their peers. For example, you may decide to buy a same brand of bag that your friends have. Such behavior does not seem to exude anything, but it is a sign of getting on the bandwagon. For example, one of your friends might persuade you to join his gang after you have been bullied by someone else and that, only by being in a gang, can you take revenge. Matt Monteverde (2008) stated that youths cannot resist the temptation of peer pressure. Many youths who experienced physical abuse from their peers often worry that they may get into hot soup if they inform the teacher or parents about the abuse. We should deal with violence among youths thoroughly, or else a wrong message will be spread across to youths that Violence can be accepted. Peer pressure can cause the vi ctim to gradually believe that I should be the victim of violence and submit to humiliation. Eventually, peer pressure would worsen the situation of violence among the youths and severity of upgrades. The Internet, domestic violence and peer pressure have indeed formed a vicious circle that reinforces itself through a feedback loop. Firstly, the Internet has gradually becoming a huge platform for the young victims of domestic violence to spread and share their resentment with others. As mentioned before, that youths can easily upload, share, and view videos involving violence on website such as YouTube or Facebook. Children who view media violence are said to be more likely to have increased feelings of hostility, decreased emotional response to the portrayal of violence and injury that lead to violent behavior. The Academy of Pediatrics says More than one thousand scientific studies and reviews conclude that significant exposure to media violence increases the risk of aggressive behavior in certain children, desensitizes them to violence and makes them believe that the world is a meaner and scarier place than it is. (Aimee.T, 2003) If youths start to think that this kind of viole nce is acceptable, then these thoughts are often difficult to change in rest of their life. Then eventually can lead to domestic violence in the future. In turn, youths who experience domestic violence will use violence on their peers through imitation. Many victims were been forced to remain silent for the pain that they endured. Therefore the only simple way for them to voice out their anguish is again, through social net working sites such as Facebook, Tumblr and Twitter. Lastly, the three factors will form a vicious circle and resulting in more youths been influenced to develop violent behaviour. Eventually, why domestic violence and peer pressure are the major cause of developing violence among youths is because what they bring to the youths is only the negative impacts. The effect of domestic violence is absolutely negative towards youths. For peer pressure, although it affects youths to develop negative behaviors, the competition among the peers can be a kind of motivation power sometimes. Finally, what the Internet can benefits us are more than enough to cover the blemish it has left on developing violence among youths. For example, Dawn Smith stated (2010) Internet games can help children focus. Youths who have Attention Deficit Disorder, or ADD, can actually sit for longer periods of time to play some of their favorite games. Not only does this help them keep focus, it also teaches them patience. In fact, the Internet has plays an important role in preventing and educating people about domestic violence. The National Coalition Against Domestic Violence of USA has held a n conference in last year regarding the issue about: using online technology to advance the movement to end domestic violence. Their main goal was to let the public get to know more about domestic violence around them and learn how to stop the extension of such cases through social net working sites. By using the power of social net working sites, it became extremely easy to share and spread information to help the victims worldwide. In conclusion, the Internet plays an important role in shaping youth culture but it is not the main cause of violence among youths. This is because domestic violence and peer pressure contribute much more negative impacts that influencing the youths to develop violent behavior compare to the Internet. Therefore, I conclude that the Internet is not the main cause of developing violence among youths.

Miracle Gro Lab Report

Miracle Gro Lab: Discussion and Conclusion The purpose of this lab was to determine which concentration of Miracle Gro was ideal for the germination of seeds. I hypothesized that the 1. 25% concentration of Miracle Gro would allow the plant to grow the fastest, unfortunately, my data does not support my hypothesis. According to the information we collected, the amount of concentration with the fastest speed and greatest height of growth was the 0% with plain tap water (control group).Two days after â€Å"planting,† my group measured the seed with the greatest rate of growth: 0% exhibited 2. 5 cm of growth, 1. 25% had 0. 9 cm, 2. 5% showed 1. 2 cm, 3. 75% displayed 0. 8 cm, and 5% had 0. 5cm of growth. As evidenced by the data collected, the height of the sprout decreases as the percent of concentration increases. We checked the growth of our mung bean seeds a second time and we observed the results: 0% exhibited 15 cm of growth showing signs of growth through its stalk, roots, and leaves. The 1. 5% and 2. 5% both grew 2 cm and began sprouting a stalk. The 3. 75% and 5% turned dark brown and appeared to have shrunk which are signs that the seed’s embryo is dead. The data did not match our expected data, because the Miracle Gro had some way prevented the imbibition of the seed which is why the 3. 75% and 5% died. Imbibition is a critical developmental process in seeds and our control group with only water demonstrated the most successful amount of growth. We experienced a number of errors in our experiment.Sources of error were human interaction, inaccurate measurements, and incorrectly handling the seeds and materials. In the future, these problems can be avoided by interfering with the plastic bags that contained the seeds, adding the most accurate amount of solute as possible, or making sure that we don’t crush the seeds or the towel that was inserted in the bag. Ideas for future experimentation would be to plant the seeds outside so that the sun would be used as the light source, testing different plant-growing solutions, and analyze the growth over a longer period of time.Overall, the seeds without the Miracle Gro proved to grow greater than those with added Miracle Gro. Compared to the varying concentrations, the height of growth increased as the percentage of concentration decreased. To apply this experiment to real life, average planters or farmers could be able to grow their plants without any added growth supplements and it’d prove to grow sufficiently, due to the fact that the controlled experiment contained the healthiest growth.

Analysing The Advances In Recycling Environmental Sciences Essay

History of Waste Management. Waste is classified as anything that a individual or consumer does non desire anymore, and so throws off. Five hundred old ages BC, Athens initiated the first municipal shit in a waste direction effort. Waste could merely be disposed at least one stat mi from metropolis walls. During the Middle Ages waste disposal was at the exclusive discretion of the person. By 1388, the English Parliament placed a rigorous prohibition on waste disposal in public waterways and ditches, as it started impacting the wellness of British citizens. France had a similar quandary in 1400, when the sum of refuse outside the metropolis was piled so high, it interfered with the defence of the metropolis. At this point the authoritiess of both states stepped in and false duty of the wellness and safety of their citizens. Waste direction became a precedence ( 1 ) . During the Age of Sanitation, 1840, the British authorities assigned Ministers of Sanitation to happen a solution for sewerage disposal issues, which in bend brought attending to solid waste disposal. Solid waste disposal brought away the attack of the â€Å" Destructor. † This incineration system was built in Nottingham, England, in 1874 ( 1 ) . More than ten old ages subsequently, in 1885, America introduced its first incinerator to Governor ‘s island, New York. Birth of Recycling The new incinerator could roll up fat and oils from waste merchandises, which was so reused to do soap and tapers. Old shred were recycled to do paper and these machines besides generated heat and steam. However, despite the effectivity of the incinerators, a job of ocean dumping arose. Harmonizing to Herbert Land, writer of The McGraw-Hill Recycling Handbook, this attack was both economical and acceptable. Consumers had the outlook that if the waste could non be seen, it did non affair or have an consequence on anything. It was non until post World War II that a scientific apprehension of the environment grew. With the important post-war population growing, the long-run impact of dirt and H2O pollution became an issue ( 1 ) . Finally, by 1970, the Clean Air Act was written and society was mandated by jurisprudence to take part in a cleansing agent environment. On April 22, 1970, the first Earth Day was celebrated and by 1971 Oregon passed the Bottle Bill. This was the start of the r euse / recycle method of waste direction ( 1 ) . Statisticss show that in 1980, Americans sent about 150 million dozenss of solid waste to landfills ( 4 ) . Peoples began to understand the importance of recycling. There are three grounds recycling has become of import to the wellness and wellbeing of both the environment and the people who live in it. First, and possibly most obvious, are selfless grounds – recycling has proved to protect and foster the environment. Second is the economic jussive mood associated with recycling – recycling is cheaper than solid waste remotion. Third is the legal considerations – authoritiess are publishing punishments to promote recycling ( 1 ) . Today, two decennaries later and with a planetary population growing of about two billion people, solid waste dumping on landfills have decreased by more than 50 million dozenss yearly. Benefits of Recycling Recycling takes something that is waste and makes it into something utile. Cities worldwide save 1000000s of dollars yearly by recycling alternatively of utilizing landfills. Landfills charge by the ton for waste disposal. Recent economic analysis show metropoliss generate three times more in gross per ton with recycling, as opposed to landfill disposal. Additionally, recycling besides generates six times as many occupations ( 5 ) . A survey conducted in St. Louis proved that recycling generates 16,000 occupations and more than $ 4 Billion yearly. Recycling utilizations fewer natural resources – without recycling, new merchandises have to be made, which uses and depletes these resources. In most instances, recycling besides reduces energy usage and costs. Recycling steel is cheaper than excavation for Fe ore, polishing it and doing a new merchandise. With plastics, nevertheless, it is cheaper to fabricate than to recycle. Recycling besides reduces pollution. Landfills are nesting evidences where chemicals blend and create toxic gases which contaminate land H2O supplies. This toxic procedure is called leachate. Wet refuse that decomposes without air gives of potent nursery gases methane and azotic oxide. More than half of waste stuffs at landfills are composed of organic solid waste ( wet refuse ) . Consumers today take more than 100 million dozenss of waste to landfills yearly. Recycling diverts about 32 per centum of that waste off from landfills, which equates to about 60 million dozenss less solid waste ( 4 ) . Pre- and Post Consumer Waste Pre consumer waste is waste that is reintroduced to the fabrication procedure without being used by a consumer. This would be faulty aluminium tins or paper fixingss from a mill. Post consumer waste is waste that has been used by the consumer, has fulfilled its intended intent, and is discarded for refuse or recycling. Post consumer recycled fibre ( PCF ) is a stuff made as a consequence of recycling station consumer waste ( 13 ) . Recycled points frequently have residue of other stuffs in it, for case, recycled paper may hold hints of ink. When the recycled merchandise is cheaper or weaker than the original station consumer waste, it is called down-cycling. When that recycled merchandise is superior to the original, it is called up-cycling ( 4 ) . Plastics and Polymers Harmonizing to the Environmental Protection Agency, plastics make up fifth part of all waste and recycling of plastics has increased in the past 20 old ages. Merely 3.5 per centum of all plastics are recycled, compared to 34 per centum of paper, 30 per centum of metal and 22 per centum of glass. These statistics are attributed to the fact that plastics are harder to roll up, since they are bulky, and they have to travel through a more time-consuming hand-sorting procedure. Seventy five billion lbs of plastic is produced yearly in the United States, most of which ends up on landfills. Additionally, plastics take up to 30 old ages to break up ( 7 ) . Plastics consist of a battalion of rosins and polymers, each with different utilizations. Polymers, derived from Grecian ‘poly ‘ ( many ) and ‘meros ‘ ( parts or units ) , are long ironss of molecules. Harmonizing to Dr. Ahmad Lotfi, senior lector at School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, ‘All plastics are polymers, but non all polymers are fictile. † Since polymers are non utile standing entirely, colorants and additives are added to it to do utile stuffs. Polymers are divided into two classs: thermosplastic polymers and thermoset polymers. The former can be heated and formed over and over once more. The latter undergoes a chemical alteration one time heated, making a 3-dimensional web. They can merely digest the warming procedure one time and can non be changed more than one time. Most plastics fall into the class of thermoset polymers and can digest merely one reuse ( 7 ) . Milk jugs are recycled to plastic for usage in t imber, alternatively of wood or steel, every bit good as playthings. Soda bottles are recycled and used as polyester rug or polyester terephthalate ( PET ) . PET is produced when the plastics go through a thorough procedure imposed by the Federal Drug and Food Administration, and one time converted to rug fibres ; PET polyester proves to bring forth more vivacious colourss and a greater opposition to discolorations ( 14 ) . PET is besides used for paintbrush bristles, drink containers and fiber stuffing for kiping bags and ski jackets. Additionally, it has merely been released that the U.S. World Cup association football New Jerseies will be made from recycled plastic bottles ( 11 ) . Most late, PET, made from 100 percent post-consumer flake, has been manufactured for polyester strapping. EREMA High tech Recycling has been the precursor in this procedure. The company states PET polyester strapping is stronger than its metal opposite number, and provides more snap which makes for effectual daze soaking up. The consequence is packaged goods remain integral through the full transportation procedure. Other benefits of PET strapping in contrast to steel, is that it wo n't corrode and has more rounded borders, which maintains the unity of the merchandise being shipped, every bit good as reduced hurts to PET strapping animal trainers. Production of PET strapping proves more cost-efficient than fabricating steel strapping and outperforms steel in its O degrees ( 14 ) . Additionally, Ohio based company, Advanced Recycled Plastic, recycles clay flaps into gum elastic mulch. The benefits are amazing and no negative has yet been found. Rubber mulch in comparing to wood mulch wo n't rinse off or disintegrate. It stays in topographic point and H2O can flux freely through the recycled gum elastic. Wood mulch need to be replaced every other twelvemonth, but rubber mulch stopping points for up to five old ages. Last, rubber mulch wo n't decompose or model, does non pull insects, and is non-toxic and odor free. It is besides cost effectual and odor-free ( 17 ) . Aluminum Aluminum tins have value. Research conducted in 2008 by Norman Crampton, states that an empty can is deserving two cents at the local bit pace. It is the lone family solid waste that pays for itself through the recycling procedure. A instance of 24 tins has a pecuniary value of 50 cents one time recycled. Crampton besides proved that one, post-consumer aluminium can, can be â€Å" re-melted, refashion, refilled and back on the shelf within 60 yearss, † ( 2 ) . The aluminium recycling procedure requires merely five per centum of the entire electric power it would take to do the can trade name new. Therefore, less power emits less C dioxide. Unlike fictile waste, tins are hence recycled to go the same thing they were before recycling. Cans are besides frequently up-cycled to fabricate new, eco-friendly furniture ( 4 ) . Jean Denim is recycled and reused as natural cotton fibre insularity. The insularity is besides 100 per centum recyclable. The insularity is made of 85 per centum station industrial jean cotton ( button and slide fasteners removed ) and 10 per centum boron-based fire retardent. Boron is a low toxic, natural mineral mined in California. Not merely is this insularity fire-safe, it besides slows the growing of fungus and casts and contains no thorns. With Ultra Touch, the aforesaid all-natural insularity, industry criterions have risen and ECO friendly constructing methods have become popular in new building. Leadership Energy and Environmental Design ( LEED ) is such an illustration. LEED has been named First Voluntary National Green Building Standard for extremely effectual, good maintained edifices ( 12 ) . LEED besides works hand-in-hand with Habitat for Humanity by providing insularity for new building. There are three recycled jean insularity makers in the universe ; Bonded Logic and Hickory Springs in the U.S. and Recovery Insulation Ltd in the United Kingdom. Recycled jean in the United Kingdom is besides used to do places. On the web site recycleyourjeans.com, one can subject an old brace of jean pants, pick out a shoe form and size, and have a usage brace of places made. All other stuffs on the places i.e. buckle and colloidal suspensions are besides recycled ( 15 ) . Tires Research conducted by Waste and Resources Programme ( WRAP ) in the United Kingdom, show that tyres can be recycled into roofing tiles. Recycling the tyres alternatively of disposing of it at a landfill will salvage 1000000s of dollars yearly ( 10 ) . Shoe maker, Simple Shoes, recycle auto tyres and so utilize it on the colloidal suspensions of their places. Not merely are the places lasting, and is the merchandise eco-friendly, production costs are drastically reduced. In add-on to the recycled gum elastic colloidal suspensions, the remainder of the places are besides made out of 100 per centum recycled stuffs, including hemp, paper, plastics and bamboo. They besides package their places in 100 per centum recycled, 100 per centum biodegradable carton boxes. In 2007 the company won the first of all time Footwear Plus green Award. Glass Glass recycling is more clip devouring than aluminium, jean and tyre recycling, as the bottles have to be separated by chemical composing and colour. Typically there are three classs for glass colourss: clear, for nutrient, drink, vino and spirits bottles ; green glass, for vino and beer bottles ; and brown glass, for beer and spirits bottles ( 16 ) . Due to the mass and substance of glass, it makes up a big portion of station consumer waste. Besides, other glass points such as visible radiation bulbs, imbibing spectacless and decorations are factored into to glaze equation. For every ton of glass recycled into new points, about 700 lbs of C dioxide is saved from being released into the ambiance. Similar to paper and tins, glass can be recycled to go the same thing it was before going station consumer waste. Recycling Procedures There are four types of recycling procedures considered ; primary, secondary, third and quaternate. Primary recycling uses stuffs that maintain similar characteristics of the original manufactured goods, like glass. Secondary recycling is less rigorous. It will utilize stuffs which can replace as something else. For case, it may utilize plastics to fabricate fencing stations which are typically made from wood or metal. Third recycling uses stuffs to do something wholly different from the original. An illustration would be utilizing fictile to do chemicals and fuels. Quaternate recycling converts plastic into energy through firing it. It is the most popular of all types of recycling due to the high heat content of plastic. Forms of Recycling In order to actuate consumers to recycle, assorted stairss have been put into topographic point to do the procedure more user-friendly. There are four popular recycling methods ; curbside, slump centres, redemption centres and sedimentation refund. Curbside makes it the duty of the consumer to screen recyclables and set it on the kerb where the metropolis will pick it up and administer to the appropriate recycling centres. Slump centres urge the consumer to present risky stuffs, like pigment, to denominate recycling centres. Buyback centres pay householders for big contraptions that they wish to recycle or recycle. Deposit refund motivates consumers to return an empty bottle to them for a refund, alternatively of throwing it in a trashcan ( 5 ) . Presently, the U.S. recycles approximately 30 per centum of all solid waste. European states like Austria and Germany recycle between 40- and 60 per centum of all their solid waste. Recycling Concluded Datas collected from different continents during different clip periods show that solid waste disposal can fleetly turn to go a job of wellness, environmental impairment and economical strain. Although solid waste direction provides some alleviation, the job of spliting landfills and unmanageable dirt taint pose a job. Manufacturing new goods quickly depletes already deteriorating natural resources. Population growing is inevitable and in order for future coevalss to populate happy and healthy lives, a solution to pollution is pressing. Recycling does merely that. It offers an ECO friendly, cost effectual declaration to many of the trials we face. With progresss in engineering and scientific discipline, world has developed a manner to recycle station consumer waste. Everyday points can, with small money and small hazard to the environment, be recycled to be used once more. New merchandises can be manufactured from old stuffs. For about any post-consumer merchandise, there is a new po ssibility in sight. This procedure of reuse, recycle, has proved to salvage states and metropoliss one million millions of dollars. Landfills are going smaller, which in bend lessens the menace of dirt taint and eventual wellness deductions for people. Natural resources like trees have a alteration to turn and in bend, woods are replenished. Recycling lessens the emanation of harmful gases typically associated with fabricating new merchandises. These these stairss work in concurrence to continue natural resources, and guarantee a healthy and clean Earth.

Analysis Of Langston Hughes s The Crucible - 872 Words

America today, is looked at to be the most â€Å"free† country’s to live in. To many people in today’s society, they see America as a great place to live and that you can accomplish or get anything that the person wants. However, there are some key points that Langston Hughes shows in his two poems that can show a reader how America being perfectly â€Å"free† is not the case. Langston Hughes makes three key points in Open Letter to The South and Let America Be America Again, which are America’s equality, freedom, and Race. Langston talks about these three subjects clearly and shows to the audience of these poems how America still has problems for being a free country and how to the surrounding countries America looks to be free, but in the inside America is still struggling with Equality, Freedom, and Race. The first topic to discuss about how America needs a change, is the Equality of America. America still has a problem in certain circumstances w here white and blacks have trouble working together. In Open Letter to The South, Langston Hughes says, â€Å"Let us become instead, you and I, One single hand† (Hughes 21-22). Hughes is telling the audience that America is not being a union and being a team together, but instead America’s workforce is divided and not working together. Hughes is saying here that America needs to become one and all work together. In Let America be America Again, Hughes states, â€Å"There’s never been equality for me, Nor freedom in this â€Å"homeland of the free†Ã¢â‚¬ Show MoreRelatedMedia Magic Making Class Invisible2198 Words   |  9 Pagesshowing the reader the profiles of the peoples lifestyles. He lets you look for yourself at the lifestyles of people as they grow up. By showing the reader the background of the person, you could clearly see the pattern of lifestyle. If the personà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s parents were not so successful and only made about minimum wage, that child did not achieve a much higher status than their parents did. This supports Mantsios statement that what class you are born into affects you throughout your while life. He does