The Taliban Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Taliban - Research Paper Example powers from Afghanistan. (McNamara, Melissa â€Å"The Taliban in Afghanistan) It is imperative to take note of that there are two groups of the Taliban existing inside nations of Afghanistan and Pakistan. With the Pakistan group denouncing any and all authority and, in spite of the fact that distinguishing itself with the Taliban, it really has a very surprising crucial objective than its Afghan partner. In any case, so as to comprehend why the varying objectives exist, one should initially comprehend the historical backdrop of the gathering. The Taliban can be viewed as strict devotees who are attempting to propel their strict objectives and convictions over the Middle Eastern world. The pioneer of the Taliban was Mullah Mohammed Omar. An isolated pioneer who heads the fear monger bunch along with 8-10 different partners, every one of whom are overcomers of the Russian war and control of Afghanistan in the 1970's. Their administering rules are directed by the Ministry of Virtue and Vice, frequently viewed as a strict police power. (McNamara, Melissa â€Å"The Taliban in Afghanistan†). The gathering initially rose as one of the mujaheddin or heavenly warriors in the locale. (Hayes, Laura, Brunner, Borgina, and Rowen Beth â€Å"Who Are The Taliban?†) This gathering has each aim of setting up an extreme Sunni Islamic system in Afghanistan. The Taliban as a gathering ought not be mistaken for the Taliban Militia that was built up in 1994. (McNamara, Melissa â€Å"The Taliban in Afghanistan†) In Pakistan be that as it may, The Taliban Group there has taken on the name â€Å"Tehrik-I-Taliban Pakistan†, a gathering with known connections and binds to the Al Qeada. In spite of the fact that it has comparative belief systems with the Afghan Taliban gathering, the gathering is known as an independent gathering with various objectives from the first. As indicated by Raza Rumi, chief of strategy and projects at the Jinnah Institute, the essent ial objective of the gathering is the Pakistan military. The objective of the gathering is the expulsion of the U.S. troops from the zone and they might want to see the inconvenience of the Sharia in Pakistan. (Brumfield, Ben â€Å"Who Are The Pakistani Taliban?†). Since the gathering is a breakaway group, it does not have the sorted out structure of the first and is rather an organized state army. Because of the extreme strict convictions of the Taliban, they would prefer to get known as strict psychological oppressors who utilize the sacred war or Jihad to proliferate strict war over their apparent foes. Nonetheless, nothing could be further from reality. There is nothing strict about their fear based oppressor exercises. The way in to their fear monger crusade is the utilization of viciousness. (â€Å"Types of Terrorism†) However, the most widely recognized type of fear mongering that the Taliban uses can be found in the manner that they have to secure financing for their psychological oppressor exercises. The gathering has been known to utilize the utilization of side of the road bombings in Afghanistan and Pakistan while assaulting the U.S. troops positioned there. The gathering is additionally not past utilizing incendiarism and firebombings so as to subdue their objectives. In any case, the gathering, because of the absence of assets through their ledgers and different channels of getting financing having been viably cut off by the universal network, has taken to seizing and prisoner taking for emancipate so as to keep their association above water and their dread exercises

Financial Analysis of I.T Ltd.

Organization foundation I. T Limited (0999. HK) is a speculation holding organization situated in Hong Kong. It was recorded on the fundamental leading body of The Hong Kong Stock Exchange on 4-March-2005. The organization offers a wide scope of clothing items. It sells its items just as offers an assortment of national and global brands through its system of retail locations. As of February 28, 2011, it worked 392 stores in Hong Kong and Mainland China. Target To embrace a thorough examination on the monetary presentation of I. T. Restricted. Point by point budgetary proportion examination will be performed.An estimation of the firm’s cost of value capital and weighted normal expense of capital will likewise be given. Skyline of investigation We will concentrate on its exhibition in the most recent 5 monetary years. A) Detail money related examination The monetary investigation will be led in two different ways. In the first place, the significant records on fiscal reports wi ll be examined so as to infer a general picture on the wellbeing of the business. Second, PERL (Performance, Efficiency, Risk, Liquidity) system will be utilized to additionally dissect the budgetary presentation of the organization. I.Going through the fiscal summaries We can get a brief look at the strength of the business by investigating the pattern of bookkeeping things in salary explanation, asset report and income proclamation separately. United pay proclamation (Referring to index A †table 1 and 2) 2008/09 was an exceptional year, money related tidal wave occurred. In this way there was an immense benefit sway in that year, bringing about a huge lessening in working benefit. Also, since the market recuperated in 2009/2010, the gainfulness abruptly expanded a great deal in that monetary year. Other than these wo exceptional years, the general development pattern in deals turnover, expenses, and benefit is solid. (Alluding to index A †table 3) Standardizing the salar y explanation can separate additional data. All the records are communicated as a level of turnover. The organization has worked superbly in cost controlling, since the expense of deals as a level of turnover is in a diminishing pattern, consequently the gross net revenue is in an expanding pattern. Then again working costs changes at around 50-51% of turnover, however since cost of deals has a more noteworthy reduction, the net impact is working benefit is in an expanding trend.Consolidated accounting report (Referring to informative supplement A †table 4) all in all, all out resources experience an expanding pattern. This is sensible since the business is at a developing stage. One striking point is the development of non-current resources look more noteworthy than current resources, particularly property, furniture and gear has a critical increment in 2010/11, this is likely because of the fast extension of retails stores in Hong Kong and China. Furthermore, accordingly, the re is a noteworthy increment in inventories in 2010/11 as well. (Alluding to index A †table 5)Similar ends can be drawn by survey similar records in a normalized accounting report (all things are normalized by all out resource esteem in the monetary year). Property, furniture and hardware, and inventories make up the majority of the complete resources. (Alluding to reference section A †table 6) Liabilities likewise grow a great deal with absolute resources as the business extends. Remarkably there is a critical increment in both present moment and long haul bank borrowings. Likewise the payable records additionally expanded over 100%, implying that the organization purchased stocks or administrations from providers using a loan more than before.This development of liabilities is fine as long as the organization can produce reliable working incomes, as we will find in the following area. (Alluding to index A †table 7) Similar ends can be drawn at normalized accounting report, bank borrowings and payables expanded essentially, particularly for longer term bank borrowings. (Alluding to reference section A †table 8) The development of the business was predominantly supported by developing liabilities, as should be obvious that the development of value isn't so noteworthy, the organization has not given new offers to get subsidizing. The organization has essentially held a portion of the benefit in every year into reserves.Consolidated income articulation (Referring to index A †table 9) The organization has improved its income age as its business developed. The productivity of the organization expanded, thus as the money created from activity. What's more, since the organization has expanded in size, it has expanded its capacity to back from banks, subsequently it likewise expanded its money created from financing exercises. Despite the fact that the organization has expanded interest in fixed resources and thus the money surge from venture , this is balanced by the expansion in income from activity and financing.II. PERL (Performance, Efficiency, Risk, Liquidity) investigation (Referring to reference section B and C) 1) Performance Profit edges (Gross, working, net) Gross net revenue continues expanding. The most recent figure is 63. 35%, which is a high edge. This is presumably because of the expanded brand picture of the organization, thus the organization can build the selling cost of the items. Additionally, the organization moved the attention on selling results of its own brands more than imported brands, this likewise expanded the gross benefit margin.Both working and net overall revenue are additionally in an expanding pattern (regardless of year 2008/09, an uncommon year which money related emergency occurred). In any case, it is important that the present edges are 12. 08% and 10. 12% individually, which show an extraordinary distinction from net overall revenue. This demonstrate the working costs are except ionally high, gobbling up over half of net revenue. The organization should think approaches to additionally lessen working expenses. Profit for Equity (ROE) The organization has expanded its ROE along the years in spite of the unique year 2008/09. The most recent ROE is really an exceptional yield, 21. 6%. So what are the primary drivers of such exceptional yield? By using DuPont examination, the purpose behind return development can be discovered: ROE = Net Profit Margin x Asset Turnover x Financial Leverage The net overall revenue is expanding consistently. Simultaneously, since the financing capacity of the organization has expanded, the money related influence additionally expanded. These two variables drove the ROE up, balancing the lessening impact on ROE by resource turnover. The benefit turnover really diminished in last two monetary years, showing the proficiency of going resource for income decreased.It is a piece stress to see the proportion diminished from 1. 6 to 1. 17 in these 2 years. It might show that the advantage size of the firm is excessively enormous, further development may not get further increment income. This might be a pointer of the firm has passed its ideal point and the board must take additional consideration in assessing whether the organization ought to put resources into extending all the more retail locations or not. Expanded DuPont investigation separates net overall revenue into taxation rate, premium weight, and EBIT edge. Taxation rate of the organization is really expanding, I. e. it needs to pay progressively powerful duty thus affecting the net benefit margin.But it’s still fine as the compelling expense rate is still at about 20%, which ought to be very low when contrasted with viable assessment rate outside Hong Kong and China. Intrigue trouble additionally encounters an expanding pattern. This is sensible since the organization has expanded financing capacity and financed through more bank advances. EBIT edg e is expanding, counterbalancing the negative impact of taxation rate and intrigue trouble. 2) Efficiency Fixed resource Fixed resource turnover is in a diminishing pattern (from 16. 08 to 7. 98 in most recent five years). This shows the proficiency of producing deals income from fixed resources venture is lowering.This affirms with the diminishing resource turnover proportion referenced previously. Anyway the proportion is still at a significant level, the administration should at present put resources into fixed resource and grow the business, yet additional consideration ought to be taken to decide the sum and scale to be contributed. Stock Inventory turnover is diminishing (from 3. 72 to 2. 48 in most recent five years). This demonstrates when all is said in done, the speed of stocks selling has eased back down as the business extends. At the point when this proportion is changed over to long periods of stock available, the importance can even be more clear. The days expanded fr om around 98 days to 147 days in these 5 years.Overstocking, bringing in or creating items which are not famous, or inadequate advertising endeavors are for the most part potential motivations to this diminishing effectiveness. Receivables turnover is diminishing. To get a more clear significance, the proportion is changed over to long stretches of deals remarkable, and this proportion is expanding (from 1. 97 to 11. 49). This proportion implies on normal how long the company’s clients who purchase using a loan will take care of their tabs. This expanding proportion implies that it requires some investment to gather the bill from clients, implying that capital must be tied up for longer period.However the number really isn't enormous, it’s around 12 days and in this manner an adequate worth. Payables turnover diminished from 11. 14 to 5. 51. The proportion can be changed over to number of long stretches of payable. This proportion expanded from 32. 76 to 66. 23. This p roportion is the normal measure of time it takes to cover its tabs. The time has expanded fundamentally. It demonstrated the upside of the development of the organization, I. e. at the point when the organization went recorded and extended, the capacity to pay using a loan expanded. This expanded time to take care of tabs builds the adaptability to oversee working capital and henceforth benefits the activity of the company.Working capital The adequacy of the organization in utilizing working capital has expanded since the working capital turnover expanded from 2. 72 to 4. 46 in most recent five years. This implies more deals income is produced for every dollar of working capital which financed the deals. This is presumably because of expanded size of the organization, with the goal that the organization can get additionally subsidizing by sh

Dealing With Holiday Perfectionism

Dealing With Holiday Perfectionism Stress Management Situational Stress Print Dealing With Holiday Perfectionism By Elizabeth Scott, MS twitter Elizabeth Scott, MS, is a wellness coach specializing in stress management and quality of life, and the author of 8 Keys to Stress Management. Learn about our editorial policy Elizabeth Scott, MS Updated on June 24, 2019 Holiday perfectionism can sap the fun right out of the holiday season and replace it with stress. Lisa Thornberg/ Getty Images More in Stress Management Situational Stress Effects on Health Management Techniques Job Stress Household Stress Relationship Stress Holiday perfectionism is one of the main causes of holiday stress. Its understandable that we want things to be perfect for our loved ones and for ourselves. They (and we) deserve the best, right? We have the best of intentions. But whether it’s due to the impossible standards of holiday bliss sold to us by various marketing campaigns, to the exaggerated memories of holiday greatness that we’re trying to match (or outdo) from our own childhoods, or simply our regular-life perfectionism carried over and applied to the holidays, holiday perfectionism is all too common. Signs of Holiday Perfectionism Perfectionists often think they’re merely high achievers, but there are some key differences. (Read more about the defining traits of perfectionists.) With holiday perfectionism, the differences to look for involve happiness and satisfaction. Holiday high-achieving can mean being busy with holiday activities that will create lasting memories. So can holiday perfectionism. But with holiday high-achieving, if everything doesn’t get done, it’s okayâ€"the focus stays on all of the fun activities that were enjoyed. Not so with holiday perfectionismâ€"for the holiday perfectionist, if everything doesn’t get done (and done perfectly) it’s a stressful, disappointing experience. Also, holiday high-achievers tend to cut corners here and there in order to get everything done. (If this sounds good, see these holiday shortcuts for specific ideas.) Holiday perfectionism, however, involves going all-out in every area of holiday activity. Holiday perfectionism involves high demands and little enjoyment. Examples You might be dealing with holiday perfectionism if: Every gift must be hand-madeâ€"and you’re not even enjoying the process!The holiday card is two pages, single-spaced, and includes every detail of your yearâ€"along with a hand-written note for each person on your 100-address list. (Note: if you enjoy doing this, great; if it feels stressful or you beat yourself up for not getting it done this way, this is more likely to be perfectionism in action.)You spend an entire day on the holiday meal, and can’t enjoy it because you worry that your recipes aren’t elaborate enough.You’re procrastinating on major activities because you want to do an amazing job, but don’t have the time to give an activity the attention you feel it deserves. The activity goes undone, and you beat yourself up over it.The kids look exhausted and stressed early in December because it’s all just too much!You’re doing many, many things to celebrate the holidays, and aren’t enjoying most of them because you feel that your efforts aren’t good enough. Consequences The main consequence of holiday perfectionism is holiday stress. That stress can be felt by you and everyone around you. Instead of enjoying the holiday season as a time of sharing and celebrating, holiday perfectionism causes people to feel inferior, overwhelmed, and unhappy. And these feelings can be felt by those around them. Basically, holiday perfectionism robs people of the very joy and satisfaction that theyre seeking to achieve in the first place. But it doesnt need to be that way. Solutions Holiday perfectionism can be overcome, and youll be relieved once you simplify your holiday season and relax your standardsâ€"and your judgments of yourself. Heres what to do. Become Aware of Holiday Perfectionism Now that you know the signs of holiday perfectionism, examine your thinking and behavior patterns a little more closely and notice whether or not you’re a holiday perfectionist. Just being aware can be a significant help. A good rule of thumb is if you feel you  must  do something to a certain (high) standard or youll disappoint people, its likely holiday perfectionism. If youre doing it because you truly enjoy it (and youre not too stressed if it doesnt turn out perfectly), its probably not. Re-Examine Your Thoughts Practice a little cognitive restructuring by paying attention to what you tell yourself as you take on an attitude of perfectionism, and challenge those thoughts. Are you afraid that the holidays won’t be fun for your family if you dont make everything perfect in one specific way or another? Think instead about how your mood (overwhelmed or happy) might affect their happiness. Practice Imperfection Purposely challenge yourself to do things somewhat imperfectly. Take shortcuts, do things mostly-well. See how it feels, and practice coping in small increments. This will allow you to feel more in control of your situation without having to make it perfect and can alleviate some of your holiday perfectionist anxiety. And remember, the Charlie Brown Christmas treeâ€"the imperfect tree that was still decorated with careâ€"was one of the most special trees to the children who loved it. Find Support If You Need It If you find yourself experiencing stress or anxiety due to holiday perfectionism, you might want to talk to a good friend about it. If you’re experiencing stress and anxiety levels that feel unmanageable, you might want to talk to a professionalâ€"there’s a lot that can be done to help.   Bottom lineâ€"holiday perfectionism can ruin the joy of the season for you and your loved ones. You can free yourself from the stress that comes from it, and simply enjoy the holidays.

Prevention And Intervention Of Cyber Bullying Essay

Summary: Since the birth of the Internet in the 1990s, technology has facilitated and intensified previously traditional forms of peer harassment. In 2007, Dr. Sameer Hinduja, a researcher and assistant professor at the Florida Atlantic University, and Internet safety expert Dr. Justin Patchin set worth to study the topic of cyber-bullying, since there wasn’t much research on the topic up until that point. In Bullying Beyond the Schoolyard (2009), the authors paint a picture of the online aggressions adolescents are facing on a daily basis. Hinduja Patchin (2009) included stories of victims, ongoing research on cyber bullying, and an overall review of current legislature pertaining to the topic. The authors also highlight prevention and intervention strategies to educate students, parents, law enforcements, educators, and counselors on the various methods available to protect our youth against the negative effects of cyber-bullying. Gail Connelly, the Executive Director of the Nation al association of Elementary School Principles explains that â€Å"in a society that is grappling with the ramifications of the rapid pace of technological advancement, cyber bullying has emerged as a serious issue in education† (2014). She continues by stating the book provides numerous benefits and knowledge of cyber bullying for policymakers, teachers, parents, students, and educational administrators. The authors, along with other experts, continue to study cyber bullying in an attempt toShow MoreRelatedBullying Is The Most Effective Tool Against Bullying Essay1335 Words   |  6 Pagesgeneral, bullying happens during adolescence when a group of people bullies an individual. There are mainly two types of bullying-school and cyber bullying. A 2014 World Health Organization (2015) report findings show that, suicide rate caused by bullying is 60% higher in Japan than the global average. In addition, 25,000 Japanese people committed suicide in 2014. In other words, about 70 people took their own lives each day (The Japan Times, 2015). If we keep ignoring this problem, bullying and suicideRead MoreCyber Bullying And Its Effects On Children And Adults Across The Globe1693 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction Bullying doesn’t just happen on the playground or in the workplace; it has now taken over the Internet and popular social media platforms such as Facebook, Twitter and Instagram. The term for online bullying is referred to as â€Å"cyber-bullying†. â€Å"Cyber-bullying is defined as the use of email, cell phones, text messages, and Internet sites to threaten, harass, embarrass, or socially exclude† (Patchin, 2015). Much like the face-to-face bullying some may encounter in school can cause physicalRead MoreBullying Has Been A Big Problem In Our School System For1745 Words   |  7 PagesBullying has been a big problem in our school system for many years, but it has escalated over the past decade due to the new era of modern technology. Unanimously, we can agree that our daily lives greatly depend on technologies; the internet, cellphones, computers, tablets, IPad etc. Although the uses of technology positively impacted our lives, there is also the downside when i t uses have negative connotations. For instance, modern technology made it very easy to engage in cyberbullying, perpetratorsRead MoreCyber Bully And What Do Cyber Bullies Look For A Target?1457 Words   |  6 PagesWhat factors are associated with an increased tendency to cyber bully and what do cyber bullies look for in a target? Aschah Williams David Johnston Emily Crawford Jaime Skipper Kiera Smith BHCLR â€Æ' What factors are associated with an increased tendency to cyber bully and what do cyber bullies look for in a target? Cyber Bullying is a relatively new method of harassing and intimidating peers. It’s difficult to target because as few as 1/10 parents realize that their children are participatingRead MoreBullying : Bullying And Bullying769 Words   |  4 Pagesphysically bullied on the premise and cyber-bullying. The females reported more Cyber-bullying, off-school premises, through text massages and social media outlets. The males reported a higher rate of physical bullying on the school premise than the females. Students reported the occurrence of physical intimidation preventing younger students to access hallways. Also, student’s who are perceived as â€Å"different† are target and taunted. Currently, the bullying behavior seems to be accepted by the staffRead MoreBullying: A Repetitious Epidemic Essay1606 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"New bullying statistics for 2010 revealed about one in seven students in grades kindergarten through 12th grade is either a bully or has been a victim of bullying† (â€Å"Bullying Statistics 2010†). How does a person detect whether someone is being bullied? â€Å"A person is bullied when he or she is exposed, repeatedly over time, to negative actions on the part of one or more other persons, and he or she has difficulty defending himself or herself† (Olweus). Bullying takes place more in middle school becauseRead MoreBullying-Informative1231 Words   |  5 PagesPriscilla Stoddard Dr. JoAnna Kessler English 1301:83029 18 April 2013 Bullying Stopbullying.gov defines bullying as â€Å"unwanted, aggressive behavior among school aged children that involve a real or perceived power imbalance. The behavior is repeated, or has the potential to be repeated, over time† (stopbullying.gov). â€Å"Traditionally bullying has included overt physical acts (e.g., hitting, shoving) and verbal abuse (e.g., taunting, name-calling) as well as more subtle or indirect actionsRead MoreWe Need to Pay Attention to Bullying and Cyber Bullying2451 Words   |  10 PagesViolated. Trapped. Afraid. These are the feelings of young victims of cyber bullying. Bullying has metamorphosed into so much more than face-to-face interactions. Now, children cannot escape the torture when they leave social situations. The torment follows them home and has transformed into words laced with hatred and animosity. Behind computer screens, the oppressors may remain anonymous, creating fear of the unknown. Unnamed and unidentified, these online bullies can instill terror in the heartsRead MoreBullying Is A Common Practice On School Grounds954 Words   |  4 Pages As a mother of two kids, bullying in schools is very important and personal subject to me. The problem is so extensive, lately it has been all over the media .According to research; bullying is when a person demonstrates an aggressive behavior and or constant toward another person. These behaviors are intended to hurt and intimidate the person physically, mentally and emotionally (stopbullying.gov 2015). Although many schools have been struggling to prevent bullying, data shows that is it a commonRead MorePublic Schools Should Be Able to Regulate Bullying Essay example1356 Words   |  6 Pagesteasing. When one reads these words, the first thing that we might associate it with is bullying. Whether or not we have experienced it ourselves, we have at least heard about it. However, as technology advances, so does the method of bullying. Today in our world that is run by technology, the modern method of bullying is called cyber bullying. The most recent definition of this is, â€Å"†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦This type of bullying allows the perpetrator to hide behind a computer screen or a phone screen and harass their

New Public Management Model For The Nonprofit Agency,...

New Public Management and the Role of Nonprofit Organizations: Cultivating the Public Sector The purpose of this paper is to apply the new public management model to the nonprofit agency, Hands Across the World. First, an overview of the new public management model is provided. Second, a brief description of the nonprofit organization, Hands Across the World is provided. Third, the new public management model is applied to Hands Across the World. New Public Management Today the new public management (NPM) model is the leading worldview in the public sector. The political climate and ideology during the 1970s and 1980s served as an impetus to migrate away from the old public administration approach and implement new policies and procedures that would be of better service to the public interest and collective good as well as restore trust and value in the bureaucratic process. Thus, during the mid-1990s, the new public management worldview was realized to apply common practices used in the private sector to the public sector. The goal of this approach was to achieve the same level of efficiency found in the private sector and remove some of the redundancy, lack of transparency, and lack of accountability in bureaucratic government to better serve the public interest. David Osborne and Ted Gaebler’s Reinventing Government (1992) served as a catalytic novel in the progression of implementing private practices in the public sector. Under the NPM framework public administratorsShow MoreRelatedEssay On Employee Morale1475 Words   |  6 Pagesprospective job classifies as public, private, nonprofit organization, or government institution, feeling comfortable about its viability as a continuing enterprise always merits concern. And for this reason, arming oneself with a fundamental understanding of an entity’s contemporary financial health and the industry or market segment it operates become especially significant. Similarly, few argue the value of avoiding professional environments subject to intimidation by management or anything approachingRead MoreBusiness Proposal Summary Of Report Background Of Nonprofit The Story Behind The Product1587 Words   |  7 PagesBusiness proposal summary of report background of nonprofit the story behind the product A chance at hope is a online socially conscious marketplace families and individuals overcome poverty and low income find self role and promote felt happiness. Clients or participants use illustrations and artworks to illustrate excesses and generate revenue by creating a built in premium fee to buy good quality handbag for iron understanding, the profits generated can be used to fund socially social servicesRead MoreEssay on Strategic Planning6467 Words   |  26 PagesIntroduction There are a variety of strategic planning models, including goals-based, issues-based, organic, scenario. * Goals-based planning is perhaps the most common as it starts with a focus on the organizations mission (and vision and/or values), goals to work toward the mission, strategies to achieve the goals, and action planning. * Issues-based strategic planning often starts by examining issues facing the organization, strategies to address those issues, and action plans. Read MoreThe 7 Doors Model for Designing Evaluating Behaviour Change Programs13191 Words   |  53 PagesThe 7 Doors model for designing evaluating behaviour change programs Social Change Media consultant Les Robinson explains the 7 Doors Model he developed for designing and evaluating behaviour change programs. The 7 Doors is a model of personal voluntary change thats useful as a checklist for program design and evaluation. It began with a thought experiment I carried out in 1998. I asked, What it would take to get me to change my own behaviour? The model has been refined from responses in trainingRead MoreSocial Innovation and Organisational Form2775 Words   |  12 Pagesinnovation is going to accelerate at an abnormal rate in the coming century. From my study in this course I have come to realise that a social innovation is a bold, new or improved solution, that fulfills an unmet need, changes current behaviors, co-creates value alongside community values and drivers for implementation and growth, and cuts across sectors. Social innovation may be carried out by individuals and business’s under a wide array of forms. For the purpose of this essay, I have chosen to compareRead MoreThe Wounded Warrior Project : Financial Management2840 Words   |  12 PagesWounded Warrior Project; Financial Management Within every business sector, whether for profit or nonprofit, there tends to emerge a power house that dominates all others. In the fast food industry it’s McDonalds, in retail sales it’s Walmart, and within nonprofit charities for injured service members it’s the Wounded Warrior Project, Inc. (WWP). Being in existence for only thirteen years, WWP has grown to such a large organization that it has become a common name among military organizations.Read MoreEssay on American Red Cross3723 Words   |  15 PagesAmerican Red Cross The American Red Cross is an independent, volunteer-led organization, financially supported by voluntary public contributions and cost-reimbursement charges. It is an organization that provides services to all humanity both nationally and internationally. The International Red Cross works along side with the Red Crescent Movement and together they are the worlds largest humanitarian network, with a presence and activities in almost every country. The seven fundamental principalsRead MoreCustomer Satisfaction - Framework9815 Words   |  40 PagesHypothetical Example — Application to Public Human Services ......................... 9 B. A Hypothetical Example of an Engaged and Informed Resident Consumer Strategy ............................................................................................... 11 C. Potential Results ................................................................................................... 12 III. Building on Principles and Strategies from the Business World ....................................Read MoreAccountability and Stewardship9014 Words   |  37 PagesContents 1.0 Introduction 1 2.0 Accountability 4 2.1 Definition 4 2.2 Objective of Accountability 6 2.3 Principle for Effective Accountability 7 2.4 Types of Accountability 8 2.5 Components of Accountability 13 2.6 Accountability Model in Malaysian Government 15 2.7 Efforts towards achieving Accountability 17 2.8 The impact of lack of accountability 19 2.9 Problems/Challenges to achieve Accountability 21 2.10 Recommendation to improve Accountability 24 2.11 InformationRead MoreTony Fernandes6380 Words   |  26 Pagesto social problems. It provides unparalleled platforms at the regional and global level to highlight and advance leading models of sustainable social innovation. It identifies a select community of social entrepreneurs and engages it in shaping global, regional and industry agendas that improve the state of the world in close collaboration with the other stakeholders of the World Economic Forum. Social entrepreneurship is about applying practical, innovative and sustainable approaches to benefit society

Application of ICT in Classrooms in Rural Area Free Essays

string(110) " pupils do non like coming to school and that the parents are non making anything about the state of affairs\." This survey aims at placing the jobs faced by school in Jada local Government Area ( LGA ) . The quality of instruction in schools in the rural country is less compared to the quality of instruction in the urban centres. A study and an interview were conducted in order to, place what the jobs are. We will write a custom essay sample on Application of ICT in Classrooms in Rural Area or any similar topic only for you Order Now From the consequences, the undermentioned jobs were identified ; deficiency of substructure, low quality of instruction, unqualified instructors and deficiency of financess to keep the school. As consequences of these jobs the pupils in such schools are neglecting there external scrutinies therefore they do n’t acquire admittances into universities conveying a halt to their instruction. This paper suggests the execution of information and communicating engineering ( ICT ) to work out the jobs faced by the School in Jada with the aid of the authorities and private organisations. Introduction Education is a really of import facet in the development of a state. An educated person can carry through so much for himself and his state. Education empowers people to follow their dreams, to do alterations in their lives and the lives of others. In an article published in Onlinenigeria the missionaries foremost introduced instruction to Nigeria in the fiftiess. The first instruction section established was in the southern Nigeria in the twelvemonth 1887 ( Education, 2010 ) . Ibadin a professor in University of Benin mentioned that â€Å" between 1960 and 1998, primary and secondary school registration increased from 2,912,619 to 17,942,000 or 516 per centum rate addition † ( 2010, p.87 ) . This shows the fast turning figure of educational institutes in Nigeria. Both rural and urban countries have turning Numberss of educational institute. Despite the addition, the educational position in rural countries is much less compared to that in urban centres, it is just to state tha t instruction in rural countries have non yet run into the needed educational criterion. For illustration, the quality of instruction in urban topographic points like Jimeta in Adamawa province is more than that of rural topographic points like Jada Local Government Area. The public presentation of school in Nigeria is measured by how good they do in external scrutinies. Schools in Jimeta are executing much more than schools in Jada. The schools in the rural countries have unqualified instructors. Furthermore, the authorities merely concentrates on the urban countries while pretermiting the rural countries. Because of this carelessness, the rural schools do non hold the necessary substructure in making a good acquisition and healthy environment. The execution of information engineering would assist in developing the educational criterion in rural countries. Methodology The range of this research was based on Jada Local Government Area and Jimeta in Adamawa province. The methods used in garnering information were, interviews, studies and internet research. Thirty people answered the study, 15 from Jimeta and 15 from Jada Local Government Area. Two people were interviewed ; the local authorities president of Jada and a instructor from Jada secondary school. Consequences of Findingss The study was in two subdivisions. The first subdivision focused on the condition/state of the school, while the other subdivision focused on how many people have entree to computing machine and in what ways has the computing machine affected them. Most of the people in Jimeta agreed with the fact that there are good qualified instructors and the acquisition environment is a healthy 1. The entire antonym was the consequence in Jada, from the study it showed that the schools in Jada local Government do non hold adequate tabular arraies and chairs, text editions are out dated and they lack other learning stuffs. From the consequence above it did non come as a daze that merely 5 per centum of the people who took the study knew what a computing machine was. In add-on, from that 5 per centum none of them own or have used a computing machine before. They have no thought, that the usage of computing machine can help them to be more efficient in their work. The contrary was the instance for the people surveyed in Jimeta ; 85 per centum have used a computing machine before and 60 per centum have entree to a computing machine. From the 60 per centum that have entree to the computing machine all agreed that it has made their work less feverish and it has besides made them more efficient. In an Interview with the Chairman of Jada ; Alhaji Usman Bamanga mentioned that the ratio of instructors to pupils is 1 to 70, which is really bad. In add-on to that, he besides stated that the instructors are largely unqualified. The Chairman besides stated that most of the times you would happen pupils seated on the floor because there are no tabular arraies and chairs in the schoolrooms. Furthermore, some of the text editions available are outdated and the instructors are the lone people who have entree to them. When asked if there are any computing machines available in the school, the president said â€Å" In a topographic point where there are no chairs for the pupils to sit on, do you anticipate them to hold computing machines. The merely available computing machine in this topographic point is in my office. † Harmonizing to the president, the ground why the school is in a really bad status is because the authorities do non supply plenty support to instruction in rural countries. The sum of money provided by the authorities merely helps pay the wages of the instructors and the school can non afford to purchase other larning stuffs needed for learning. In add-on, the sum paid by the pupils for their tuition fees is really undistinguished compared to the financess need to upgrade the criterion of the school. Interview with the instructor ; a instructor from the school was picked because he would cognize more about the jobs traveling on in the school. One of his major concerns among few others was, the pupils do non like coming to school and that the parents are non making anything about the state of affairs. You read "Application of ICT in Classrooms in Rural Area" in category "Essay examples" In add-on, even if they are in school the pupil happen it difficult to concentrate in category because of the conditions of the schoolroom. The instructors besides complained that the figure of pupils in the category, he pointed out that he can non separate the chopper pupils and those that need excess attending. Those that needed the excess attending would stop up non larning anything at the terminal of the session. He besides complained that most of the clip the school does non supply them with larning stuff. For illustration, sometimes the instructors use their ain money to purchase chalks and o ther composing stuffs in order to learn their category while in some state of affairs when the instructors do non purchase the stuffs larning does non happen. Problems Faced by Classrooms in Jada Local Government Area From the study and interviews conducted, it is clear that schools in the rural country are confronting so many jobs. These jobs are: Low figure of schools in the country ; as motioned above, there is merely one school in Jada available to the population of 1000 pupils in the country. Because of that, the categories are overcrowded doing it impossible for the instructor to command the pupils. If there are excessively many people in a room with hapless hygiene, this makes it easier for the spread of diseases. In add-on, in a category where there are about 70 people in a room, would do it easier for the spread of diseases. In an article published by the World Resources Institute it stated that â€Å" Overcrowding and insanitary family conditions favor the transmittal of the disease, which is spread by droplets from a cough or a sneezing or common custodies ( Airborne, 1999, P. 4 ) . † Furthermore, excessively many pupils to a instructor, causes larning to be limited to little figure of pupils. The higher the figure of pupils in a category the more hard it would be for the instructor to command the category. With a crowded schoolroom, it would be hard for the pupils to be attentive. The crowd would besides increase noise doing deflecting other pupils ready to larn. Another, job faced by this school is the quality of instruction given to them. Most of the instructors in the school are unqualified ; they can non be accepted by other urban school so they come to the rural countries where they have no pick but to use them. The rural schools such as the one in Jada have no pick because they do non hold the money to pay for qualified instructors. The deficiency of qualified instructors has affected the public presentation of the school in external scrutinies such as Western African Examinations Council ( WAEC ) , and the National Examinations Council ( NECO ) . Supporting this statement is Vincent.O.Ibadin saying that aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦the ultimate quality of instruction is determined by the instructor, as he transmits the value of instruction to the pupil. In line with this, Merton ( 1957 ) in a paper titled â€Å" The Self Fulfilling Prophecy † , pointed out that, â€Å" a instructor ‘s outlook can and does rather literally affect a pupil ‘s academic public presentation. † Similarly, Aghenta ( 1998:44 ) emphasized that, â€Å" what the instructor does and how he does it are of import in the finding of quality of instruction. The instructor is every bit of import in the finding of measure of instruction. † Hence, possibly the National Policy on Education ( FGN, 2004:39 ) . ( 2010, p.89 ) The quotation mark above shows how the making of a instructor has a batch to make with the public presentation of their pupils. As a consequence of unqualified instructors, the pupils do highly hapless in external scrutinies, and because of their public presentation, they do n’t acquire admittances into third establishments. The pupils therefore end up remaining at place making what their grandparents have been making, taking them back to where they started. This discourages the parent from seting their kids into schools and it encourages the figure of dropouts in schools. They feel that instruction is a waste of clip ; they instead send their kids to work and lend to the household income. In add-on to all the jobs, the school does non acquire adequate money to run the schools. The environment in which the pupils survey is really bad, the school does non hold adequate money to purchase up-to-date text editions and other substructures such as tabular arraies. How ICT Can Help Solve the Problem. The execution of computing machines and the proviso of cyberspace installation would assist work out some of the jobs faced by Jada secondary school. The job of outdate information and text edition: With computing machines and the cyberspace, the instructors and pupils can hold entree to information they need. The demand to purchase a text edition is non necessary. There are so many e-books, e-libraries and so much more out at that place that are free and unfastened for the populace to utilize. Distraction doing larning to be limited to few Numberss of pupils: The computing machine can assist pull the attending of the pupils. For illustration, in a category where there are three people to a computing machine, their attending would be on what is on the computing machine, ( the computing machine here is like a mini instructor to them ) . The computing machine provides a fun manner of acquisition, through educational games and multimedia, this makes the pupils to be excited and willing to larn more. The article Computers in the Classroom: How Information Technology can Better Conversation Education, it acknowledged that â€Å" It is possible to do a talk more piquant and entertaining by utilizing the presentation tools available to us with computing machines and associated package ( 2003, P. 2 ) . † Unqualified instructors: The instructors can foster their instruction by inscribing in universities that offer on-line grades. They can besides educate themselves with resources out at that place and happen out what is new and learning techniques that would assist them in their instruction. Problem of pupils dropping out: When ICT is implemented in the school it would function as a incentive for larning to the pupils. The pupils would be willing to come to school and larn about what is go oning in the universe. Implementing ICT can assist upgrade their external scrutiny consequences, which would acquire them admittance into the university. This would in bend encourage parent to set their kids in school, because they can now see advancement. Quality of instruction: To sum up how information and communicating engineering can work out the jobs of Jada secondary school, it would in the procedure addition the quality of instruction of the school. Harmonizing to the curate of instruction he stated that vitamin E acquisition could assist work out, the job the state ‘s instruction is confronting ( Sam ) . Government Roles in Solving the Problems For the job of unqualified instructors, authorities policies should be implemented to guarantee that merely qualified staffs are employed to learn. In add-on, those instructors that are already in the school system should travel back to school to foster their instruction to the criterion required. Government can besides put a policy to turn to the issue of overcrowding. A policy can be created that states â€Å" A instructor should hold non more than 40 pupils in a schoolroom. † When the execution of these policies is successful, it would turn to the issues of overcrowding and unqualified instructors learning in rural schools. The last and the most of import job is the issue of money, which generated most of the jobs. As identified by the president of Jada Local Government, the fund given by the authorities does non supply the basic demands needed to run the school. The authorities should concentrate on instruction in the rural countries as they do the urban countries. The authorities can non be the lone beginning of financess for the school ; there are other private persons and organisations that are willing to supply the aid. An illustration of a non-profit organisation aimed at assisting schools in Nigeria is â€Å" SchoolNet Nigeria is a non-profit administration created to turn to the usage of ICT in Nigerian secondary schools with the support of several authorities ministries. ( Agyeman, 2007, p.6 ) † Decision In decision, when ICT is implemented in Jada secondary school it would upgrade the criterion of instruction in that country. The alterations would non merely be limited to the school and its pupils but to the hereafter of Jada Local Government Area. The pupils would come out with consequences that would take them to any university in the state and compete with other schools in the urban countries. The kids Jada Local Area would hold control of what they want to be in the hereafter. As instruction makes you who are and what you ne’er believing you can go. If this is excessively be successful in every rural country in Nigeria so the jobs of Nigeria are solved How to cite Application of ICT in Classrooms in Rural Area, Essay examples Application of Ict in Classrooms in Rural Area Free Essays string(448) " ICT will greatly affect and have a positive influence on these students, they will have an opportunity to be going for national competitions because these services will not only improve them in one area, they will also have the ability to speak proper and fluent English, they can also learn how to type by doing their course works on their computers and doing research on the internet which will even help the senior students in history classes\." This project is focused in implementing ICT in rural area, and the case study is on fufore local government in Yola. As we all know rural areas in Nigeria lack quality and basic education, when you talk about education in rural area what comes to our head is low standard of learning, poor education, not well equipped class rooms for student’s education or lack of proper infrastructure suitable for education. An article defined rural education as: There is little dispute that basic education1—often characterized as the reading, math, and other skills and knowledge taught in the first four years of primary school—is critical to economic and social development. We will write a custom essay sample on Application of Ict in Classrooms in Rural Area or any similar topic only for you Order Now Without basic skills, according to one definition, a person cannot comprehend the instructions on a bottle of medicine or a bag of fertilizer or read a government notice. Neither can the person compute a bill or write a letter. Without basic skills, it is impossible to develop one’s potential or to contribute in anything more than a rudimentary manner to society (Greaney, 1999). (Moulton, 2001) Fufore Local Government is settled area in the southern part of Adamawa with five major languages known as Fulani (largest), Bata, Verre, Laka and Pere, it consist of 1500 people that live there, most of them engage in cattle rearing, poultry, farming etc. When i went to observe these schools i noticed there were at least 300 children that went to both nursery and secondary schools, but the problem is they lack facilities that will make these students feel they are learning which makes some students even drop out of schools and start engaging in house work activities. This project focuses on schools in fufore that need ICT services to improve student’s knowledge and ability to learn in order for these schools to have equal education as the students in urban schools, if students in the rural area are not given equal education as students in the urban area there is a result of inequality. Unequal tools in an unequal environment create unequal results† (Ukpe, 2010). Implementation/ Application of ICT in class rooms in rural area is going to benefit the society as a whole, and both the teachers and students. It goes a long way to help the society, because when students start using ICT in classrooms some of their friends at home will also find it interesting this will make them also want to start schooling and know what school is about. This study will also be used as a case study to many parts of rural areas in Nigeria, making them aware of how value ICT is in our generation and also making these local students to fit into any schools they find themselves in in urban schools because this implementation of ICT will not only make these students concentrate on just computer and information studies they will also learn how to apply the knowledge in their various courses. Methodology In order to have reasons for the implementation of ICT in classrooms, i will have to compare this primary/secondary schools in rural area with the once in urban. The methods i used are personal observation, interview and online research (internet). We can see most urban schools have well functioned classrooms with well equipped IT services such as using projectors in class rooms, computers, wireless LANs, File management using databases. In order to convince these organisations we have to state the reasons why we think ICT is important for these locals in rural area. Just looking at an example of an urban schools such as Abti Academy in Yola, Capital science in kuje, El-Amin International school in Minna; we can see they all have what it takes for them to have a well knowledge of what IT is all about, they do class interactions, they submit their works in timely manner especially the senior students, it broadens their minds which they can relate to other courses and apply them when necessary, The students have full access to the lab to do research, take courses in computer education, type documents and gather information on relevant topics for their coursework and from every observation i noticed that schools in the urban area have high rankings in their external and internal exams such as mock exams, WEAC exams . In order to know what is really the problem of these schools towards their lack of ICT knowledge an interview was taken with most principals in these rural schools shown below. 1. Do you know what a computer is? 2. Do you intend to learn how to use it and do you intend to teach these students if you have the chance to? 3. Do you own a computer? And do you know how to surf on the internet with it? 4. What do you think about implementing ICT in classrooms? 5. How do you think it will affect the students? Interview Summary: Results The interview was conducted with three different principals of three different areas in fufore, but all their answers were closely the same. They stated they’ve had an experience using a computer, that it would be great to have such an opportunity to use computers and other IT services in their schools, it will surely help the students and enlighten them about what the world is all about now. They stated that they’ve all being provided by the school with just one computer and an internet connection, and in a rural place like fufore I believe there is a limited amount of power supply which makes it even more difficult to use this computer by anyone. They stated students in their area are in need of ICT in classrooms in order to making teaching easier for both the teachers and students, they also have a problem with their teachers who don’t acquire computer skills, it will be difficult for them to teach and guide these students through. ICT will greatly affect and have a positive influence on these students, they will have an opportunity to be going for national competitions because these services will not only improve them in one area, they will also have the ability to speak proper and fluent English, they can also learn how to type by doing their course works on their computers and doing research on the internet which will even help the senior students in history classes. You read "Application of Ict in Classrooms in Rural Area" in category "Essay examples" They also mentioned that students in this area are always willing to learn, so it won’t be a problem for them to get used to it. Development and Implementation of ICT in class rooms in rural area: Fufore LGA Through ICT in rural schools it will expand the access to student’s education, now that technology is one of the things that help us develop in this world. So we have to make the rural schools aware of that which will greatly affect both the students and their lectures, it will also make them aware of what is happening in our world today (News) by browsing on the internet, also help them improve interactions in terms of video conferencing and distance learning; through video conferencing it will enable to share ideas and know about other courses that are not offered in the school. ICT is an extensively strong technology for extending and expanding educational opportunities in formal and informal ways, in this case rural schools. ICT is a technological development that reflects the new society and has its place within education. However, as with many new initiatives, ICT obviously has its problems that over time will be addressed. Meantime, ICT should continue to be promoted to assist with education and learning. I will heartedly agree with anyone who states that ICT is a valuable tool for both teaching and learning – speaking as someone who got the last lessons plan for my teaching from the Internet- but I can’t help feeling that the emphasis on the use of ICT detracts from other current ‘sexy’ education issue – socialisation. I believe that developing teachers’ social and counselling technique is a greater priority than their ICT skill (Sime Mark, 2005). Access to remote learning resources: when this implementation is done, with the use of internet, teachers and students will no longer have to depend on textbooks for learning or even buy them due to how expensive they can be, they teachers can just find textbooks on the net and direct the students to access them too. With the use of Internet services you will find a means of learning materials or tools in almost every subject and can be accessed every day at anytime and also by unlimited number of people that can use it. This is significant for many schools in developing countries. Students will have control towards self learning: For example, teachers can just give a research paper as an assessment for the students, during that research they also learn a lot through searching and browsing different articles. This also broadens their minds to also think fast, observe the situation of the research, allowing their minds to take over and have control of what they are doing and also making their own opinions and what they think. Motivation to learn: the use of multimedia computer software that include sound effects, pictures can be used in learning process for people in rural areas, also as interactive radios and other performance. This will motivate the locals to learn because it’s new to them and then i believe that some locals tend to understand pictures or graphics rather than reading them that way they understand better. Use of modern teaching tools: in rural areas they still have an old way of teaching their students; some don’t even have notebooks, or other writing materials. Through ICT, students can learn how to manage their files on computers rather than writing notes in their notebooks, also teachers have PowerPoint to present to the class by that they can just write short notes on what the teacher is talking about. In order to improve the school from my own point of view it needs these requirements for students to have a basic idea of ICT is about. 1. Provision of hardware resources for internet connectivity such as WAN, LAN, MAN. 2. Software packages for learning or academic related CDs which they can install in their computers to improve self learning. 3.  Television for the nursery school students because children in nursery school learn faster with images rather than using books, and Projectors for the primary and secondary students. 4. A well functional and equipped computer that contains at least 15 computers. 5. Power supply via solar energy, because electricity isn’t that reliable and effective in rural areas, and besides this implementation is based in fufore which is always sunny every day. So solar would be a good source of electricity. These implementations can be done with the help of private organisations and even the government, we all know nothing is free; these organisations can get profit out of this successful implementation and project. They will keep implementing ICT and improving other schools in this area. Since i noted that not all teachers have enough computer skills to handle the students learning or to control these equipments, the organisations also have to supply the schools with well trained teachers/experts to show them how to take care of things just for some time. This is an expensive and vital project due to many resources that are needed, power supply because without power supply these resources are just going to end up being there without no one using it and also this is the future of our children to enlightened them and making them have a knowledge of IT, making them have the same and equal education the urban schools are having so they won’t feel left out. After these resources have been implemented and are already in use, in observation we are going to experience and expect these changes in the schools: †¢ The students should have the ability to think as fast and be smart like the students in urban schools and also their results will likely match up. †¢ An increase in the students that will enrol in schools because most students in rural areas don’t really care about education, some are drop outs and with a new system it will motivate them to also learn like their friends. †¢ Will be able to compete in national competitions with other schools. †¢ Know how to use these ICT services provided to them and also apply them when necessary Conclusion From all observations we can see how value education is and rural education cannot be compared to the urban because they have more experience in ICT than the locals have. ICT in class rooms has a lot of advantages and benefits to our daily life now, makes students acquire skills, skills that will take them to the next level, skills that will improve their way of thinking and will also change their lives because after school they can go to these urban areas and get a good job instead of staying in their area and doing the basic occupation such as farming. Technology is part of our world now and its used in our daily activities, with the aid ICT in class rooms they will have access to distance learning which will enhance their learning skills and ability, not only within the class room but globally or worldwide. In order for these students to be equal with students from other developed schools, they need to be given a chance; they need to be given the opportunities that are being given to the more fortunate schools/students. Nigerian Government, private organisations and private sources have to come together to make this possible for our generation and also to help the nation. How to cite Application of Ict in Classrooms in Rural Area, Essay examples

Competitive Strategy Product Innovation Management

Question: Discuss about the Competitive Strategy for Product Innovation Management. Answer: Introduction: Discussion on the Key Ideas Modern businesses must have competitive strategies to survive in the market environment. The actions devised by companies towards gaining a competitive advantage over its rivals after examining the strengths and weaknesses of the competitors are termed as competitive strategies. Typically, a company's competitive strategy incorporates steps to withstanding the markets competitive pressures, attracting a strong customer base, and firmly positioning itself in the market. Lechner and Gudmundsson, (2014, p. 36) argues that gaining market position in the global environment requires a company to establish realistic tactics and objectives. A company should state in its mission and vision statements what it looks forward to building. For instance; providing high quality and affordable products to the clients, establishing a one on one relationship with the customers, realizing its set objectives through the establishment of a conducive environment for the employees to work in, and carrying o ut its products for the optimal benefit of the investors. A good competitive strategy guides the management in understanding the competitive environment, designing the right value of brands demanded in the market, examining what resources are needed to produce the products, and coming up with strategies for maintaining sustenance of the product value. According to Shapiro and Varian, (2013, p. 18) a firm should design unique product brands that do not match with that of the competitors having used durable materials, for this makes the business compete effectively. With market challenges, for example; competitors employing newer technologies to the product substitutes, this calls for continuous product improvement. Further, a company needs to ensure that the features, cost, and power efficiency of the product are comparable to those of the competitor. Application in Wesfarmers Company Wesfarmers, a leading Australian company, focuses its diverse operations in providing a satisfactory return and services to the stakeholders and generates the majority of its income from the supermarkets and grocery stores in Australia industry. The main competitor for Wesfarmers in the Australian market is Wollworths Limited. Wesfarmers can benefit from the application of the above ideas of understanding the business environment, creating unique brands, identifying the direct customers, and understanding the competitor strategies, and this justifies Hamel and Breen, (2013, p. 66) argument.For Wesfarmers to benefit from these policies, it should apply them in the following ways: First and foremost, Wesfarmers should design a brand positioning statement that communicates the company's brand's unique value to the customers about Wollworths marketing report. Since Wesfarmers' customers are the supermarkets, grocery, and fuel retailers in Australia, and they share the clients with Wollwo rths, the management of Wesfarmers should clearly understand the attitudes and demographics of the target segment. Second, according to Gunday, et al.,(2011, p. 665), Wesfarmers should diversify ownership of business portfolio in the supermarket, hardware and departmental stores, energy distribution, and coal mining in such a way that sustenance of product value gets enhanced. Furthermore, Camison and Villar-Lopez, (2014, p. 2900) explains that the management should understand that the core competencies get based on the corporate resources regarding employees, physical, financial and technological resources. Therefore, Wesfarmers should establish strict policies regarding the qualifications required for one to get hired in the company, develop strong relationships with creditors so that the source of capital gets secured, and invest more in technology by creating a website that allows online commerce in the global market. However, Wesfarmers should come up with pricing policies such that their dealers do not sell beyond the standard price, and also establish a 24/7 customized online services whereby clients complaints are responded to immediately by customer care office. Business Technology and Innovation Model in PG Explanation of the Key Ideas Strategic technology and innovation management are significant to creating a competitive advantage. Currently, every industry in the business environment is adopting the use of sophisticated technologies that enhance creativity and innovation so as to increase customer value of a product or service. Kastalli and Looy, (2013, p. 180) argues that no business can survive in the current competitive industry if the human resources are dormant and less innovative to newer and affordable products for the customers. For a company to succeed in positioning itself firmly in the market, the management must invest hugely in great resources. For example, investing in an electric producing machinery. However, a company should not invest in producing products if it does not know who the target markets are and what the customers demand. Lechner and Gudmundsson, (2014, p. 60) state that before coming up with a new idea, the technical team should analyze the current market trends so that they may conf ront the business need with an accurate innovation model that meets all users needs. Most importantly, a company needs first to learn the competitors business models applied in addressing customer needs before implementing the idea. Further, during the implementation of the generated design, the technical team needs clearly to communicate the need for change to the management as well as explaining how the strategy would assist the company in competing out the key competitors. According to Ji and Deegan, (2011, p. 150), the new business model should not emphasize on short-term key performance indicators (KPI). The innovative idea should be designed to assist a company gain a competitive advantage in a going concern time frame, and leave room for becoming upgraded in case of technological advancements. Application in Proctor and Gamble Company Proctor and Gamble can benefit from the application of strategic technology and innovation management in its hair color, household cleaners, beauty products and other customer targetted goods and services. According to Ettie and Rosenthal, (2011, p. 285), innovative ideas need to be made happen, and the goals of a firm determine the kind of idea to get innovated. Proctor and Gamble company growth strategies which determine the type of technology to invest in includes transforming its skin care products, driving strong snack food growth, simplifying supply chain, and differentiating its sales through new growth channels. Embracing technological change has become mandatory for an organization to thrive in innovative position within the business as evident in Shapiro and Varian, (2013, p. 166). To gain a competitive advantage over Colgate-Palmolive, Prker Hannifin, and Avon Products, the management of PG should provide resources for the technical team to innovate new strategies that dep loy automated replenishment to improve availability and efficiency of its supply chain. Since PG has a large number of stores, there is a need to innovate an idea that ensures regular checkouts on the effectiveness of operations for the stores. However, with the innovation of new accounting standards, PG would save money and reinvest in other customer based services. Further, the technical team should use the innovated programs in leveraging customers loyalty and getting products supplied in a more timely fashion to the stores Camison and Villar-Lopez, (2014, p. 2902). Also, the company should innovate new technologies that enable customers to shop online since the clients would be able to save on transportation costs that they would have incurred while visiting the stores. All the innovative ideas should be unique and secured such that Proctor and Gamble cannot have access to the technologies applied in meeting the customer's demands. Therefore, investing in new ideas will help the company gain a firm position in the market and thus, enhance high productivity as compared to the competitors. References Camison, C. Villar-Lopez, A., 2014. Organizational innovation as an enabler of technological innovation capabilities and firm performance. Journal of Business Research, 67(1), pp. 2891-2902. Ettlie, J. E. Rosenthal, S. R., 2011. Service versus manufacturing innovation. Journal of Product Innovation Management, 28(2), pp. 285-299. Gunday, G., Ulusoy, G., Kilic, K. Alpkan, L., 2011. Effects of innovation types on firm performance. International Journal of Production Economics, 133(2), pp. 662-676. Hamel, G. Breen, B., 2013. The future of management. 3rd ed. Oxford: Harvard Business Press. Ji, S. Deegan, C., 2011. Accounting for Contaminated Sites: how transparent are Australian companies?. Australian Accounting Review, 21(2), pp. 131-153. Kastalli, I. V. Looy, V. B., 2013. Servitization: Disentangling the impact of service business model innovation on manufacturing firm performance. Journal of Operations Management, 31(4), pp. 169-180. Lechner, C. Gudmundsson, V. S., 2014. Entrepreneurial orientation, firm strategy, and small firm performance. International Small Business Journal, 32(1), pp. 36-60. Shapiro, C. Varian, H. R., 2013. Information rules: a strategic guide to the network economy. S.l.: Harvard Business Press.